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RemOx® EC Stabilization Reagent
In Situ Biogeochemical
Stabilization
Offered through our business partners at Carus Corporation, RemOx EC in situ biogeochemical stabilization
(ISBS) entails the use of modified permanganate
solutions for the purposes of mass removal and
flux reduction (i.e., NAPL stabilization).
As the oxidant migrates through the
treatment area, various (bio)geochemical
reactions destroy the targeted compounds present
in the dissolved phase. This causes a
“hardening” or "chemical
weathering” of the NAPL as it steadily
loses its more labile components. This causes a
net increase in viscosity of the organic
material, which yields a more stable,
recalcitrant residual mass.
In addition, the insoluble MnO2 precipitate that
results from permanganate oxidation will
accumulate along the NAPL interface, physically
coating it and thereby reducing the flux of
dissolved-phase constituents of interest (COI)
into the groundwater.
As shown in the following tables, ISBS removes
mass and reduces the flux of COI released into
the dissolved phase. This facilitates
natural attenuation processes allowing them to
more easily manage associated plumes from
residual COI (i.e., enhanced passive
remediation).
Mass Reduction
following a Single ISBS Treatment
Mass was reduced by 10 to 79.
| COI (mg/kg) |
Average (n = 4) Background |
Average (n = 4) Treated |
% Mass Reduction |
| LMW PAHs |
7,633.50 |
5,996.75 |
21 |
| HMW PAHs |
1,961.55 |
1,744.55 |
10 |
| TOTAL PAHs |
9,595.05 |
7,771.30 |
19 |
| PENTA |
236.00 |
55.67 |
76 |
| TOTAL CPs |
284.48 |
59.25 |
79 |
Flux Reduction following a Single
ISBS Treatment
The flux of COI was reduced by 56 to
99%.
| COI (mg/kg) |
Average (n=4) Background |
Average (n=4) Treated |
% Flux Reduction |
| LMW PAHs |
34.41 |
12.75 |
73 |
| HMW PAHs |
6.05 |
11 |
99 |
| TOTAL PAHs |
40.46 |
12.86 |
79 |
| PENTA |
18.91 |
9.66 |
49 |
| TOTAL CPs |
23.38 |
10.41 |
56 |
Download Technical Summary
DNAPL Source Zone Remediation: In March 2006, forty representatives of the U.S. Air Force, Army, Navy, Department of Energy, EPA, and academia met to discuss reducing the uncertainty of DNAPL source zone remediation. According to the Dept. of Defense, chlorinated solvents are the most prevalent contaminants at DoD sites. Issues that emerged were: i) inherent uncertainties in addressing DNAPL source zones are such that continuous site monitoring may be required; ii) source function and plume response is not always understood; iii) more cost-effective treatment methods are required; and iv) more realistic expectations for treatment; analysis of existing data; and transfer of technologies need to be developed.
A final report documenting the workshop's results is available for download: DNAPL Challenge EPA/600/R-03/143. Please note this exhaustive report is 198 pages (15 MB), so it may take several minutes to download.
Click here for a 2-page summary of the Abstract: “In Situ Biogeochemical Stabilization & Flux Reduction of MGP Constituents using Catalyzed Permanganate”. Presented at the EPRI MGP Symposium (JAN06) by Adventus, NiSource, FirstEnergy, and Haley&Aldrich.
Click here for a detailed 30-page outline of the Abstract: “In Situ Biogeochemical Stabilization & Flux Reduction of MGP Constituents using Catalyzed Permanganate”. Presented at the EPRI MGP Symposium (JAN06) by Adventus, NiSource, FirstEnergy, and Haley&Aldrich.
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