Description
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pp.)
Project: Phase One Field Demonstration of IN
SITU Geochemical Stabilization (ISGS)for Creosote/Penta Residuals (NAPL)
Site: Koppers, Inc., Denver CO USA
Executive Summary
Beazer East, Inc. (Beazer) developed a Long-Term Interim Corrective
Measures Compliance and Performance Monitoring Plan (GeoTrans, Inc.) for
the various interim measures (IM) groundwater remedies at the Koppers Inc.
Site in Denver, Colorado (KI Site).
As described in the Corrective Measures Study Report (GeoTrans, Inc.),
the IM ground water remedies were supplemented with the following
technologies to enhance the removal of constituents of interest (COI)
present in groundwater located off-property:
i. Remediation by (monitored) natural attenuation (RNA);
ii. Phytoremediation; and
iii. In situ geochemical stabilization (ISGS) of creosote
residuals.
This report describes the results of the initial (Phase I) engineering
optimization field tests where 24,050 gallons of 3% aqueous permanganate
(KMnO4) solution was injected into 13 locations within a
defined test area (75 x 95 ft). Performance monitoring was conducted
for 5 months to evaluate the ability ISBS using KMnO4 to
stabilize the suspected free-phase non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL)
residuals and enhance the natural attenuation processes by:
i. Mitigating the migration of NAPL;
ii. Reducing the concentration of COI in the dissolved-phase;
iii. Decreasing the mass of NAPL residuals (source reduction); and
iv. Reducing the flux of COI from NAPL residuals (especially true with
MnO2 precipitate).
As documented herein, the ISBS approach appeared to mitigate the
migration of NAPL within the initial test area. As such, ISBS represents a
useful tool for in situ NAPL management. Information from
the Phase I effort described herein has been used to modify the approach
for possible continued, larger-scale implementation of the ISBS technology
as a supplemental means of source area / NAPL management at the KI Denver
Site.
Report Conclusions
Effective Radius of Influence: As applied to the KI
Denver Site, permanganate application had an effective radius of influence
of approximately 15 ft.
Changes in NAPL Thickness and Recovery: There
was a discernible decrease over time in the thickness of LNAPL for only
those monitoring piezometers located within the permanganate treatment
area. Changes in DNAPL thickness were not observed suggesting that
vertical NAPL migration did not occur. In addition, there was a
significant decrease in the amount of NAPL recovered within the ISBS
treatment area.
Reduction in Soil Residuals: ISBS yielded a 53%
reduction in the residual mass of chlorinated phenols (from 285.4 to 133.8
mg/kg) and a 19% reduction in the mass of total PAHs (from 9,595 to 7,771
mg/kg).
Decrease in Leachable Constituents: Comparisons
between the treated and background samples indicated a 76 % decrease in
the total PAH leachable (from the treated soils. The HMW PAHs
present in the leachate was reduced more than 99% in the treated
soils.
Validation of Physicochemical Stabilization Processes
Soil analytical data were consistent with those obtained from the
complementary laboratory studies which showed preferential removal of LMW
PAHs via oxidation/dissolution and stabilization of HMW residuals via
physical encrustation/stabilization
Cumulatively, laboratory and field data validated the effectiveness of
the ISBS process and its ability to reduce the flux of PAHs/penta into the
dissolved phase. Flux reduction should have a significant beneficial
affect thereby accelerating the contraction of the dissolved phase COI
plume at the KI Denver Site.
Organizations Involved:
Beazer East, Inc.
Prepared by:
Adventus Americas, Inc.
In association with:
GeoTrans, Inc.
The University of Waterloo
Companies On This Project
ADVENTUS GROUP
